Optimus Factory at Tesla Giga Texas

Tesla · Optimus 4 · Giga Texas North Campus, Travis County

A purpose-built factory for the Optimus 4 humanoid, designed for 10 million robots a year, rising beside the vehicle plant. Fremont builds Optimus V3 now; Texas volume production is targeted for summer 2027.

  • Optimus Factory
  • Other Giga Texas programs
Schematic of the Giga Texas campus, not to scale: the main factory, cell and cathode lines, Cortex 1 and 2, the Optimus Factory, the Terafab Research Fab, RFTX and the Cybercab test track COLORADO RIVER SH 130 SCHEMATIC, NOT TO SCALE Giga Texas main factory: Model Y, Model Y L, Cybertruck and CybercabMAIN FACTORY 30 MW ROOFTOP SOLAR Tesla 4680 cell line4680 CELLS Cathode plant for 4680 cells, operating at scale since August 2026CATHODE PLANT Roadster Factory Texas, with a looping vertical trackRFTX Roadster looping vertical track LOOP Optimus Factory, building Optimus 4OPTIMUS FACTORY Cortex 1 AI training clusterCORTEX 1 Cortex 2 AI training clusterCORTEX 2 Megapack and switchyard beside Cortex 2, toward about 250 grid-buffer units MEGAPACK YARD Terafab Research Fab, a joint Tesla and SpaceX fab on the east side of the campusTERAFAB RESEARCH FAB TESLA + SPACEX Cybercab test track, a multi-lane asphalt oval CYBERCAB TEST OVAL Oncor Giga TX substation, 138 kV and upONCOR
Design capacity
10M robots/yr
Volume start
Summer 2027
Building length
~4,000 ft
Chips per robot
1,100 to 2,200
Target price
$20K to $30K
Sector
Gigafactories and manufacturing

Overview

Two Lines, Two Robots

Tesla builds Optimus V3 on a first-generation line at Fremont, in the bays that built the Model S and Model X until May 2026, and is building a purpose-built Optimus 4 factory on the Giga Texas North Campus designed for 10 million robots a year. Musk on January 29, 2026: "Optimus 4 will be built in Texas at much higher volume." The Q1 2026 shareholder update set out both lines, with the Texas line starting in 2027.

Fremont production was reported under way from late August 2026, with early units going to Tesla's internal Optimus Academy to learn factory skills. Musk has called the 2026 rate "literally impossible to predict" for a robot with about 10,000 unique parts. Tesla has disclosed no unit count and made no external sales.

Fremont and Giga Texas
SiteRobotSite typeAnnual design capacityRole
Fremont, CaliforniaOptimus V3Retrofit of Model S and X bays1 millionPilot and production engineering
Giga Texas North CampusOptimus 4Purpose-built10 million, long termVolume production from summer 2027

Scale

From Hundreds to Ten Million

A few hundred units in 2025, per The Information2025 output (reported)300 Tesla targeted 5,000 units for internal use in 20252025 internal target5,000 An estimated 1,000 to 1,200 units at Fremont and Giga TexasDeployed, mid-2026 (est.)1,100 First-generation line designed for 1 million a yearFremont V3 line1M Second-generation line designed for 10 million a year, long termGiga Texas Optimus 4 line10M

Built or deployed   Target   Design capacity

Log scale: each step to the right is ten times the last.

Tesla aimed for 5,000 internal units in 2025 and built a few hundred, held back by China's April 2025 rare-earth magnet restrictions and a longer design cycle for the hand. The 10 million figure is the Texas building's long-term design capacity, not its 2027 output. Musk on July 1: "Optimus production will be extremely slow at first, as everything is new."

Construction

A 4,000-Foot Building on the North Campus

  1. Late March 2026Groundbreaking on the North Campus
  2. May 27, 2026First structural steel
  3. Late June 2026Seven cranes on the steel superstructure; floor decking under way
  4. Early August 2026North and south grade beams fix the length at about 4,000 ft, close to the main factory
  5. Mid-September 2026Steel near the north beam; concrete on the three upper floors
  6. Summer 2027Volume production of Optimus 4 targeted

The Optimus building is part of the 5.2-million-square-foot North Campus expansion filed in March 2026, with the Terafab Research Fab, Cortex 2 and Megapack production; the expansion is estimated at $5B to $10B. Drone footage by Joe Tegtmeyer is the main public record; Tesla has given no completion date.

The robot

Optimus V3

Optimus V3 from presentations, earnings calls and patents
SpecificationOptimus V3
HeightAbout 1.73 m
MassAbout 57 kg
Degrees of freedomAbout 72: 28 in the body, 22 in each hand
Hand actuationTendon-driven, with 25 actuators in each forearm
Unique partsAbout 10,000
ComputeTesla AI5, about five times the memory bandwidth of AI4
BatteryAbout 2.3 kWh: 8 hours light duty, 4 to 6 hours intensive
Language modelGrok, from SpaceXSI

V3 is the first Optimus designed for volume manufacturing, built around the 22-degree-of-freedom hand; Musk says the hand is about 60% of the engineering difficulty. Tesla filed four patents on the forearm, wrist, joint and hand in April 2026, and builds most of the actuator stack itself, including harmonic drives, planetary roller screws and joint assemblies, because no supply base exists at its cost targets. Musk called Optimus 4 "much more vertically integrated."

Chips per robot

Up to 2,200 Semiconductors in Each Robot

Semiconductor content per Optimus, estimated 1,100 to 2,200 devices
CategoryWhat it does
Power (largest count)SiC and GaN MOSFETs for actuator drives and DC-DC conversion, 400 to 800 per robot
Logic and computeAI5 inference chip and subsystem controllers
SensorsTactile, force and torque, IMU, position, temperature, voltage and current
MicrocontrollersJoint-level motor control
Analog and mixed-signalSignal conditioning, ADCs, DACs and amplifiers
MemoryDRAM, flash and embedded memory
RF and networkingWi-Fi, cellular and the internal data network
OptoelectronicsCameras and display drivers
SecuritySecure boot, cryptography and OTA integrity

Each of about 78 actuators needs its own three-phase motor drive and sensing, so power chips dominate. At 10 million robots a year Optimus alone would need 4 billion to 8 billion power devices, more than today's combined world output of SiC and GaN. AI5 comes from Samsung Taylor; the Terafab Research Fab next door develops the process for what follows. See SemiconductorX for the humanoid chip stack.

Cost

$20,000 to $30,000 Is the Target

Estimated $50,000 to $100,000 or moreBuild cost today (est.)$100K EstimatedBuild cost, low estimate$50K Long-term selling price targetTarget price, high$30K Long-term selling price targetTarget price, low$20K

Actuators are about 56% of today's bill of materials. Closing the gap depends on the same vertical integration and scale that cut vehicle costs, on a product with about ten times the component complexity of a Model Y. Musk claims a capable Optimus will match five human workers and eventually help build more Optimus.

Competitors

Humanoid Programs in 2026

Humanoid robot programs
ProgramStatus in 2026Scale
Tesla OptimusFremont production reported from late August 2026, no unit count; about 1,000 to 1,200 deployed internally; no external sales10M a year design (Giga Texas)
Boston Dynamics Atlas (Hyundai)Electric Atlas shipping to Hyundai plantsCapacity for 30,000 a year by 2028
Figure AIPilot at BMW; valued at $39BNot disclosed
Agility Robotics DigitIn customer warehouses, including a Toyota plant in Ontario; going public through a $2.5B SPAC mergerRoboFab, Salem, Oregon: up to 10,000 a year
XPeng IronCar-grade parts, lower-cost design1M a year target by 2030
UBTech Walker SDeployed in Chinese EV plantsNot disclosed

Boston Dynamics, Figure and Agility have stronger external deployment records today. Tesla is betting that automotive-scale vertical integration, a chip fab on the same campus and training data from its own factories will win on cost and volume.

Record

Dataset Record

Sources
Tesla Q1 and Q2 2026 shareholder updates and earnings calls; Musk posts on X; Tesla patent filings; The Information; drone footage by Joe Tegtmeyer
Estimates
Unit deployments, chip counts and costs are published estimates, not Tesla disclosures
Last verified
Q4 2026